Programas de educação em saúde em escolas para adolescentes: revisão integrativa da literatura / Health education programs in schools for adolescents: an integrative literature review / Programas de educación en salud en escuelas para adolescentes: una revisión integrativa de la literatura

Introdução: Projetos de educação em saúde em escolas possibilitam a criação de oportunidades e transformação da realidade, em que os alunos tornam-se disseminadores do conhecimento para a comunidade. Objetivo: Analisar programas de educação em saúde para jovens em escolas, a fim de verificar o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação como estratégias para as intervenções. Método: Foi realizada uma Revisão Integrativa da literatura. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, Scopus e Embase, considerando os últimos 10 anos. Resultados: A amostra final contemplou 27 estudos. Diferentes tipos de estratégias e recursos foram utilizados, algumas envolvendo tecnologia de informação e comunicação, outras não. Dentre estes recursos, os mais utilizados foram projeção audiovisual presente em 13 artigos, e discussão e diálogo, presentes em 16 artigos. Em relação à avaliação dos programas, 26 artigos descreveram os resultados, em 23 casos os resultados foram positivos, e em três casos os resultados foram regulares. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que são inúmeras as estratégias e recursos utilizados no desenvolvimento de um projeto de educação em saúde eficaz. Nos estudos desenvolvidos no Brasil, houve predominância da utilização de recursos tecnológicos, como o uso de tutores eletrônicos para atividades à distância. (AU)

Introduction: Health education projects in schools create opportunities to transform reality, as students help spread knowledge to the community. Objective: To analyze health education programs for young people in schools, to verify the use of information and communication technology as intervention strategies. Method: An integrative review of the literature was conducted, searching articles in the PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and Embase databases, considering the last 10 years. Results: The final sample had 27 studies. Various types of strategies and resources were used; some of them included information and communication technology, while others did not use them. The most used resources were audiovisual projection (present in 13 articles) and discussion and dialog (present in 16 articles). As for program assessment, 26 articles reported the results ­ which were positive in 23 and average in three of them. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that countless strategies and resources are used to develop effective health education projects. The use of technological resources (such as electronic tutors in remote activities) predominated in Brazilian studies. (AU)

Introducción: Los proyectos de educación para la salud en las escuelas permiten la creación de oportunidades y la transformación de la realidad, en la que los estudiantes se convierten en difusores del conocimiento a la comunidad. Objetivo: Analizar los programas de educación para la salud de los jóvenes en las escuelas, con el fin de verificar el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como estrategias de intervención. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, Scopus y Embase, considerando los últimos 10 años. Resultados: La muestra final comprendía 27 estudios. Se utilizaron diferentes tipos de estrategias y recursos, algunos con tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, otros no. Entre estos recursos, los más utilizados fueron la proyección audiovisual, presente en 13 artículos, y el debate y el diálogo, presentes en 16 artículos. En cuanto a la evaluación de los programas, 26 artículos describieron los resultados, en 23 casos los resultados fueron positivos y en tres casos los resultados fueron regulares. Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que existen numerosas estrategias y recursos utilizados en el desarrollo de un proyecto de educación sanitaria eficaz. En los estudios desarrollados en Brasil, hubo un predominio del uso de recursos tecnológicos, como el uso de tutores electrónicos para las actividades a distancia. (AU)

Babies With Pierre Robin Sequence: Neuropsychomotor Development.

BACKGROUND: The Pierre Robin Sequence presents heterogeneous symptoms, and each newborn can manifest from mild breathing and feeding difficulties to severe complications, as well as a predisposition to present changes in growth and neuropsychomotor development in the first years of life. OBJECTIVE: The aims were to evaluate and associate the neuropsychomotor development of zero- to 12-month-old children with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) in the personal-social, fine motor-adaptive, language, and gross motor aspects. METHODS: The subjects of the study were 17 infants of both sexes with PRS admitted to the special care unit (SCU) of a reference hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the age range of 20 days to 263 days. Developmental assessments were performed using the Denver Development Screening Test II. The evaluations were carried out in the SCU, with duration of 30 minutes each. Statistical analysis was descriptive using the Mann-Whitney test, two-proportion equality test, and Spearman correlation. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: According to Denver Development Screening Test II, median 78.5 of the babies were at risk for developmental delay identified by the Denver II Test (n = 14, 82.4%). For the developmental areas analyzed by the test there was statistically significant difference in language area. CONCLUSION: The babies aged up to 12 months with PRS in this study presented risks for delay in neuropsychomotor development in language, gross motor, fine motor-adaptive, and personal-social aspects, and this finding should be considered to set goals in family orientation and intervention.

Assessment of websites on cleft lip and palate in Brazilian Portuguese

ABSTRACT Purpose: this study aimed at assessing the legibility, reliability, usability and coverage of websites on cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Brazilian Portuguese and providing a global comparison. Methods: in order to evaluate the obtained data, four protocols were used, i.e., the Website Coverage Protocol, the legibility (by means of the COH METRIX PORT), the reliability (Discern Protocol), and the usability (by means of the System Usability Scale). Results: 98 websites were included with average legibility scoring of 31.6±11.7, rated as a hard readability level. Coverage average scoring was 19.9±3.79 from a total of 35 points. As for reliability, average scoring was 43.2±6.51 points, rated as acceptable. The usability scoring was 24.8±2.18 points, rated as the worst imaginable one. Conclusion: therefore, the assessed Brazilian websites on CL/P were rated difficult for legibility, requiring high-school level of education, restricted coverage and acceptable reliability, in addition to the low usability. The results were similar to those of websites from other countries, except for the legibility aspect, which was lower for Brazilian websites.

How the speech-language pathologist interacts with cystic fibrosis patients? a scoping review / Qual a relação da fonoaudiologia com a fibrose cística? uma revisão de escopo / ¿Cuál es la relación entre la logopedia y la fibrosis quís- tica? una revisión del alcance

Objective: The review describes the changes related to sleep-breathing disorders, com- munication and feeding processes in subjects with CF, through a scoping review. Meth- ods: A scoping review based on the PRISMA protocol was carried out in Pubmed, Lilacs and Scopus databases, to investigate the possibility of including SLP in the treatment of patients with CF. The inclusion criteria included studies that addressed communication and eating processes and disorders related to CF. Studies with a sample that presented other comorbidities that would justify the worsening of the condition, or secondary stud- ies, were excluded. There was no time or language delimitation. Results: The search found 1566 works, 27 Lilacs, 1009 Pubmed and 530 Scopus, by analysis of titles, abstract and reading in full. A total of 30 articles were selected for inclusion, 2 Lilacs, 22 Pubmed and 6 Scopus, all related to Speech-Language Pathology. Conclusion: It was observed that there is a poor sleep quality due to nocturnal desaturation, mild and moderate obstructive apnea. In studies related to hearing, individuals had sensorineural hearing loss. Speech-Language Pathology is of paramount importance in monitoring these sub- jects.

Objetivo: Descrever alterações relacionadas aos processos de distúrbios respiratórios do sono, comunicação e alimentação em sujeitos com FC, por meio de uma scoping review. Métodos: Foi realizada uma scoping review nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e Scopus, para investigar a possibilidade de incluir o fonoaudiólogo no tratamento de pacientes com FC, utilizando o checklist PRISMA. Os critérios de inclusão incluíram estudos que abor- dassem processos de comunicação e alimentação e distúrbios relacionados à FC. Foram excluídos estudos com amostra que apresentasse outras comorbidades que justificassem o agravamento do quadro, ou estudos secundários. Não houve delimitação de tempo ou idioma. Resultados: A busca encontrou 1566 trabalhos, sendo 27 Lilacs, 1009 Pubmed e 530 Scopus, por meio de análise de títulos, resumo e leitura na íntegra. Foram seleciona- dos para inclusão 30 artigos, sendo 2 Lilacs, 22 Pubmed e 6 Scopus, todos relacionados à Fonoaudiologia. Conclusão: Observou-se que há má qualidade do sono devido à dessa- turação noturna, apneia obstrutiva leve e moderada. Em estudos relacionados à audição, os indivíduos apresentaram perda auditiva neurossensorial. A Fonoaudiologia é de suma importância no acompanhamento desses sujeitos.

Objetivo: Describir las alteraciones relacionadas con los procesos de trastornos respira- torios del sueño, comunicación y alimentación en sujetos con FQ, a través de una revisión de alcance. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance en las bases de datos Pubmed, Lilacs y Scopus, para investigar la posibilidad de incluir al logopeda en el tratamiento de pacientes con FQ, utilizando la lista de verificación PRISMA. Los criterios de inclusión incluyeron estudios que abordaran los procesos de comunicación y alimentación y los trastornos relacionados con la FQ. Se excluyeron los estudios con una muestra que pre- sentaba otras comorbilidades que justificasen el empeoramiento del cuadro, o estudios secundarios. No había delimitación de tiempo ni de idioma. Resultados: La búsqueda en- contró 1566 trabajos, de los cuales 27 fueron Lilacs, 1009 Pubmed y 530 Scopus, me- diante análisis de títulos, resúmenes y lectura completa. Se seleccionaron 30 artículos para inclusión, 2 Lilacs, 22 Pubmed y 6 Scopus, todos relacionados con Logopedia. Con- clusión: Se observó que existe mala calidad del sueño por desaturación nocturna, apnea obstructiva leve y moderada. En estudios relacionados con la audición, los individuos tenían pérdida auditiva neurosensorial. La logopedia es de suma importancia en el segui- miento de estos sujetos.

Could speech disorders in children with cleft lip and palate be justified by impaired central auditory skills?

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the association between central auditory skills and speech disorders related to velopharyngeal dysfunction. Methods: forty-five children, with repaired non-syndromic cleft lip and palate or cleft lip only, aged 7-11 years old, were divided into three groups: G1 (n=15), children with hypernasality, nasal air emission, and compensatory articulations; G2 (n=15), children with hypernasality and nasal air emission, but without compensatory articulations; and G3 (n=15), children without hypernasality, nasal air emission, and compensatory articulations. The medical records of all participants were analyzed to verify the eligibility criteria and obtain speech assessments, and then, they were submitted to an assessment of central auditory skills. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive and chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. Results: G1 presented a higher occurrence of impairment in central auditory skills differing from the other groups, particularly in the temporal ordering and binaural integration skills. A significant difference was observed among groups in temporal ordering ability. No significant association was found between the use of specific types of compensatory articulations and impaired auditory skills. Conclusion: there was an association between changes in temporal ordering auditory skills and binaural integration in children with velopharyngeal dysfunction, regardless of the presence or type of compensatory articulation found.

Preliminary Study of the Applicability of Software in the Investigation of Sustained Auditory Attention

Abstract Introduction The use of auditory behavioral tests, which specifically assess sustained attention, is necessary, due to its relationship with learning, language production, cognitive development and school performance. Objective To evaluate how children performed using software developed to investigate the ability of sustained auditory attention, and to compare the scores obtained in this format with those of the original, non-computerized test. Methods This cross-sectional study included 52 children of both genders, aged 6 to 11 years, with normal hearing and no history of complaints regarding inattention and/or hyperactivity. The computerized test was administered to all 52 children. The total error score (inattention and impulsivity) and the vigilance decrement were used to define the children's performance when using the software. The scores obtained in the two formats (computer software and original on compact disc) were then compared. Results Statistically significant differences were found in the scores for innattention, impulsivity, and total error score (inattention and impulsivity) when comparing genders, and a negative correlation coefficient was found when comparing ages. Increased scores were found for all variables of the sustained auditory attention ability test (SAAAT) compared with the original format. Conclusion Females performed worse than males in all aspects except for vigilance decrement when using the SAAATsoftware developed to evaluate the ability of SAAAT vigilance; younger children made more errors when using the SAAAT software; inattention errors were more frequent than impulsivity. Overall, higher values were obtained using the SAAAT software, when compared with the original version.

Preliminary Study of the Applicability of Software in the Investigation of Sustained Auditory Attention.

Introduction The use of auditory behavioral tests, which specifically assess sustained attention, is necessary, due to its relationship with learning, language production, cognitive development and school performance. Objective To evaluate how children performed using software developed to investigate the ability of sustained auditory attention, and to compare the scores obtained in this format with those of the original, non-computerized test. Methods This cross-sectional study included 52 children of both genders, aged 6 to 11 years, with normal hearing and no history of complaints regarding inattention and/or hyperactivity. The computerized test was administered to all 52 children. The total error score (inattention and impulsivity) and the vigilance decrement were used to define the children's performance when using the software. The scores obtained in the two formats (computer software and original on compact disc) were then compared. Results Statistically significant differences were found in the scores for innattention, impulsivity, and total error score (inattention and impulsivity) when comparing genders, and a negative correlation coefficient was found when comparing ages. Increased scores were found for all variables of the sustained auditory attention ability test (SAAAT) compared with the original format. Conclusion Females performed worse than males in all aspects except for vigilance decrement when using the SAAAT software developed to evaluate the ability of SAAAT vigilance; younger children made more errors when using the SAAAT software; inattention errors were more frequent than impulsivity. Overall, higher values were obtained using the SAAAT software, when compared with the original version.

Oral language skills in Brazilian children with obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a negative impact on neurocognitive development in children. Receptive/expressive oral language is a complex process, with limited investigations on the repercussion of OSA. This study aimed to analyze receptive and expressive oral language skills in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODOLOGY: This study included 52 children (27 females, 51.92 %) with a mean age of 7 ± 2 years (age range of 4-11 years), which underwent type 3 polysomnography (PSG). The participants were divided into N-OSA (n = 16) and OSA (n = 36) groups based on the apnea-hypopnea index. The speech-language therapist evaluated hearing and oral language for phonology, expressive semantics, syntax, receptive semantics (Peabody Image Vocabulary Test), pragmatics, and understanding of verbal instructions (Token Test). RESULTS: Oral language assessments showed a difference in the pragmatics subsystem (p = 0.047), with positive correlation between OSA severity and oral language functions such as pragmatics and syntax (desaturation index, p = 0.045). CONCLUSION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had a negative impact on oral language skills, including the syntax and pragmatics subsystems.

Memória operacional e vocabulário em crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem / Memoria operativa y vocabulario en niños con Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje / Working memory and vocabulary in children with Developmental Language Disorder

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe diferença no desempenho de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem (TDL) e Desenvolvimento Típico de Linguagem (DTL) em testes de memória operacional fonológica (MOF) e de memória visual de curto prazo (MVCP), e se esse desem-penho está correlacionado com o vocabulário receptivo. Selecionamos 14 crianças com TDL e 28 com DTL. Todos os sujeitos foram submetidos a dois testes de memória de curto prazo e a um teste de vocabulário receptivo. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada por meio do Teste t de Student e a correlação entre a memória de curto prazo e o vocabulário foi obtida pela correlação de Pearson. Crian-ças com TDL tiveram pior desempenho quando comparadas ao grupo controle, tanto em MOF quanto em MVCP. A correlação positiva entre os testes de memória e vocabulário sugere que tanto a alça fo-nológica quanto a memória visual são importantes para o processamento da linguagem, mesmo que a alça fonológica possa ter maior relevância

The aim of this study was to verify if there is a difference in performance between children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and typical language development (TLD) in phonological working memory (PWM) test and visual short-term memory (VSTM), and if this performance is correlated with the result of a receptive vocabulary test. We selected 14 children with DLD and 28 with TLD. All subjects underwent two short-term memory tests and a receptive vocabulary test. The comparison between the groups was performed using the Student's t-test, and the correlation between the short-term memory and the vocabulary was obtained by Pearson's correlation. Children with DLD had a worse performance when compared with the control group, both in PWM and VSTM. The positive correlation between memory and vocabulary tests suggests that both the phonological loop and visual memory are important for the processing of language, even if the phonological loop may have greater relevance.

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si existe una diferencia en el desempeño de los niños con Trastorno del Desarrollo del Lenguaje (TDL) y el desarrollo del lenguaje típico (DLT) en las pruebas de memoria operativa fonológica (MOF) y memoria visual a corto plazo (MVCP), y si ese desempeño es correlacionado con el vocabulario receptivo. Seleccionamos 14 niños con TDL y 28 con DTL. Todos los sujetos se sometieron a dos pruebas de memoria a corto plazo y a una prueba de vocabulario receptivo. La comparación entre grupos se realizó mediante la prueba t de Student y la correlación entre la memoria a corto plazo y el vocabulario se obtuvo mediante la correlación de Pearson. Los niños con TDL tuvieron un peor desempeño en comparación con el grupo de control, tanto en la MOF como en la MVCP. La correlación positiva entre las pruebas de memoria y vocabulario sugiere que tanto el bucle fonológico como la memoria visual son importantes para el procesamiento del lenguaje, aunque el bucle fonológico puede tener mayor relevancia.

Auditory and language skills in children with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate auditory and language skills in children with repaired cleft lip and palate. METHODS: The sample was composed of 22 children registered at the hospital where the study was conducted, seven to nine years old, 50% being female, with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (right or left), without associated malformations. Auditory skills were assessed using four central auditory processing tests: Random Gap Detection Test, Dichotic Digit Test, Dichotic Non-Verbal Test, Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test. Language performance was evaluated by four standardized instruments: Illinois Psycholinguistic Skills Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Token Test and Phonological Skills Profile. The association between auditory and language skills was evaluated by the Fisher exact test at a significance level of 5% (p<.05). RESULTS: The central auditory processing tests evidenced that only one child presented adequate performance in all skills analysed, five children presented impaired performance in all skills, and 16 exhibited deteriorations in one to three auditory skills, highlighting that temporal resolution was the most impaired skill (81%). Concerning language, three children presented adequate performance in all tests applied, and Visual Association and Auditory Association were the most impaired skills (40%). No association was observed between deteriorations in auditory and language skills. CONCLUSION: There was high occurrence of impairment of auditory skills, which compose the central auditory processing, as well as of language skills, with greatest impairment of receptive language.

Auditory and language skills in children with cleft lip and palate

Objectives: to investigate auditory and language skills in children with repaired cleft lip and palate. Methods: The sample was composed of 22 children registered at the hospital where the study was conducted, seven to nine years old, 50% being female, with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (right or left), without associated malformations. Auditory skills were assessed using four central auditory processing tests: Random Gap Detection Test, Dichotic Digit Test, Dichotic Non-Verbal Test, Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test. Language performance was evaluated by four standardized instruments: Illinois Psycholinguistic Skills Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Token Test and Phonological Skills Profile. The association between auditory and language skills was evaluated by the Fisher exact test at a significance level of 5% (p<.05). Results: The central auditory processing tests evidenced that only one child presented adequate performance in all skills analysed, five children presented impaired performance in all skills, and 16 exhibited deteriorations in one to three auditory skills, highlighting that temporal resolution was the most impaired skill (81%). Concerning language, three children presented adequate performance in all tests applied, and Visual Association and Auditory Association were the most impaired skills (40%). No association was observed between deteriorations in auditory and language skills. Conclusion: There was high occurrence of impairment of auditory skills, which compose the central auditory processing, as well as of language skills, with greatest impairment of receptive language.(AU)

Objetivos: Investigar las habilidades auditivas y lingüísticas en niños con labio leporino y paladar reparados. Métodos: La muestra se compuso de 22 niños registrados en el hospital en el que se realizó el estudio, de 7 a 9 años de edad, siendo el 50% niñas con labio leporino unilateral y paladar (derecho o izquierdo) reparados, sin malformaciones. Las habilidades auditivas se evaluaron utilizando 4 pruebas de procesamiento auditivo central: Random Gap Detection Test, Dichotic Digit Test, Dichotic Non-Verbal Test y Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test. El desempeño lingüístico se evaluó utilizando diversos instrumentos estandarizados: Illinois Psycholinguistic Skills Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Token Test y Phonological Skills Profile. La asociación entre las habilidades auditivas y lingüísticas se evaluó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significación del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Las pruebas de procesamiento auditivo central evidenciaron que solo un niño presentó un desempeño adecuado en todas las habilidades analizadas, 5 niños presentaron una alteración del desempeño en todas las habilidades y 16 niños mostraron alteraciones en una de las 3 habilidades auditivas, subrayando que la resolución temporal fue la habilidad más deficiente (81%). Con relación al lenguaje, 3 niños presentaron un desempeño adecuado en todas las pruebas aplicadas, siendo las habilidades más deficientes la asociación visual y la asociación auditiva (40%). No se observó asociación entre las alteraciones de las habilidades auditivas y lingüísticas. Conclusión: Existió una alta incidencia de alteraciones de las habilidades auditivas que componen el procesamiento auditivo central, así como habilidades lingüísticas con gran alteración del lenguaje receptivo.(AU)

Desenvolvimento de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem sobre linguagem infantil para pediatras / Development of a virtual learning environment on children's language for pediatricians / Desarrollo de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje del lenguaje infantil para pediatría

Objetivo: desenvolver e analisar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) sobre a aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil voltado à orientação de médicos pediatras. Métodos: o conteúdo abordado foi delimitado considerando as dúvidas que os médicos pediatras possuíam sobre a aquisição e o desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil, e construído a partir de revisão da literatura científica. A produção do material seguiu as fases de desenvolvimento de design instrucional englobando análise e planejamento, modelagem, implementação e avaliação. Foram convidados fonoaudiólogos para participar da avaliação da qualidade do conteúdo e dos recursos tecnológicos utilizando o questionário Health-Related Web Site Evaluation Form Emory e o Questionário de Conteúdo desenvolvido pela pesquisadora. Resultados: o conteúdo contemplou as etapas de desenvolvimento da linguagem, principais características e os marcos do desenvolvimento em cada fase. O material confeccionado está disponível no endereço eletrônico http://fonoaudiologiaparapediatras.wordpress.com. Na etapa de avaliação do AVA, participaram 63 fonoaudiólogos que classificaram o blog como excelente para a qualidade e conteúdo. Conclusão: portanto, um AVA, em formato de blog, contendo informações sobre a aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem foi desenvolvido a fim de orientar médicos/pediatras desde fases típicas até alterações, prevenção, fases do desenvolvimento e possíveis encaminhamentos.

Objective: to develop and analyze a virtual learning environment (AVA) on the acquisition and development of children's language for the guidance of pediatric physicians. Methods: the content was delimited considering the doubts that pediatricians had about the acquisition and development of children's language and was constructed from a review of the scientific literature. The production of the material followed the developmental stages of instructional design encompassing analysis and planning, modeling, implementation and evaluation. Speech-language pathologists were invited to participate in the assessment of the quality of content and technological resources using the Health-Related Web Site Evaluation Form Emory questionnaire and the Content Questionnaire developed by the researcher. Results: the content included the stages of language development, main characteristics and development milestones in each phase. The material prepared is available at http://fonoaudiologiaparapediatras.wordpress.com. At the AVA evaluation stage, 63 speech-language pathologists who classified the blog as excellent for quality and content participated. Conclusion: an AVA, in a blog format, containing information about the acquisition and development of language was developed in order to guide physicians / pediatricians from typical phases to alterations, prevention, development phases and possible referrals.

Objetivo: desarrollar y analizar un ambiente de aprendizaje virtual (AVA) sobre la adquisición y desarrollo del lenguaje infantil dirigido a la orientación de los médicos pediatras. Metodos: el contenido cubierto se delimitó de las dudas que tenían los médicos pediatras sobre la adquisición y desarrollo del lenguaje infantil, y se construyó a partir de una revisión de la literatura científica. La producción del material siguió las fases de desarrollo del diseño instruccional, incluido el análisis y la planificación, el modelado, la implementación y la evaluación. Se invitó a los logopedas a participar en la evaluación de la calidad del contenido y los recursos tecnológicos utilizando el cuestionario Emory del Formulario de evaluación del sitio web relacionado con la salud y el Cuestionario de contenido desarrollado por el investigador. Resultados: el contenido incluyó las etapas del desarrollo del lenguaje, las principales características e hitos del desarrollo en cada fase. El material elaborado está disponible en la dirección electrónica http://fonoaudiologiaparapediatras.wordpress.com. En la etapa de evaluación de la AVA participaron 63 logopedas, quienes calificaron el blog como excelente por su calidad y contenido. Conclusión: por lo tanto, se desarrolló un AVA, en formato de blog, que contiene información sobre la adquisición y el desarrollo del lenguaje con el fin de orientar a los médicos / pediatras, que van desde las fases típicas hasta los cambios, prevención, fases de desarrollo y posibles derivaciones.

Global and communicative development skills in preschool children with cleft lip and palate.

IMPORTANCE: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is globally among the most common childhood malformations. This disorder impacts childhood development, including speech and language, and affects children worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To analyze child development skills (adaptive fine motor, gross motor, personal-social, and language) in preschool children with isolated CLP compared with children without this malformation. METHODS: The participants included an experimental group of 27 children with isolated CLP and a comparison group of 27 children without CLP aged between 48 and 59 months. The groups were evaluated using two instruments: the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II) and the Avaliação do Desenvolvimento da Linguagem (ADL-Language Development Assessment). Data were analyzed by descriptive and inductive analyses, using the Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test, at a significance level of P ˂ 0.05. RESULTS: All children in the comparison group performed within normal standards for their age range in the DDST-II and the ADL. The worst performance in the experimental group was observed in language skills, followed, in declining order, by adaptive fine motor, personal-social, and gross motor as measured by the DDST-II. Children with isolated CLP also performed poorly in receptive, expressive, and global language in the ADL. No statistically significant differences were observed in the experimental group's scores for the ADL and the DDST-II. INTERPRETATION: Developmental skill levels were below expectations for children of this age with isolated CLP.

Auditory and language skills in children with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate auditory and language skills in children with repaired cleft lip and palate. METHODS: The sample was composed of 22 children registered at the hospital where the study was conducted, seven to nine years old, 50% being female, with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (right or left), without associated malformations. Auditory skills were assessed using four central auditory processing tests: Random Gap Detection Test, Dichotic Digit Test, Dichotic Non-Verbal Test, Sustained Auditory Attention Ability Test. Language performance was evaluated by four standardized instruments: Illinois Psycholinguistic Skills Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Token Test and Phonological Skills Profile. The association between auditory and language skills was evaluated by the Fisher exact test at a significance level of 5% (p<.05). RESULTS: The central auditory processing tests evidenced that only one child presented adequate performance in all skills analysed, five children presented impaired performance in all skills, and 16 exhibited deteriorations in one to three auditory skills, highlighting that temporal resolution was the most impaired skill (81%). Concerning language, three children presented adequate performance in all tests applied, and Visual Association and Auditory Association were the most impaired skills (40%). No association was observed between deteriorations in auditory and language skills. CONCLUSION: There was high occurrence of impairment of auditory skills, which compose the central auditory processing, as well as of language skills, with greatest impairment of receptive language.

Child development skills and language in toddlers with cleft lip and palate.

INTRODUCTION: Children born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) are exposed to several risk factors for developmental delay. METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study compared the performance of gross motor, adaptive fine motor, social-personal and language skills in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (age = 36-47 months, n = 30) matched as to chronological age and gender. The evaluation instruments were Denver Developmental Screening Test II and MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory - part D, employed for the receptive and expressive vocabulary checklist. Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests and Chi-square tests. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to verify the inter-category correlation (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in gross motor, adaptive fine motor, and language skills, both in receptive and expressive aspects, in the comparison between groups. In the personal-social area, children with CLP presented performance below the expected, without statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Children with CLP are at risk for developmental disorders and should be monitored from early childhood to minimize the deleterious effects of this risk condition.

Interferência do frênulo lingual para a evolução do quadro fonológico: caso clínico / Interchange of ankyloglossia for the evolution of the phonological framework: clinical case / Interferencia del anquilogossia para la evolución del cuadro fonológico: caso clínico

Introdução: A alteração de frênulo lingual se torna agravante em crianças com Transtorno Fonológico. Tendo em vista a complexidade da produção de fala, é necessário garantir que a intervenção fonoaudiológica contemple o equilíbrio entre forma e função. Objetivo: objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o processo terapêutico de uma criança, do sexo masculino, aos cinco anos de idade, com Transtorno Fonológico e alteração de frênulo lingual Métodos: O diagnóstico de Transtorno Fonológico foi realizado aos 5 anos de idade. A avaliação do aspecto fonológico foi realizada por meio da aplicação das provas de imitação e nomeação do Teste de Linguagem Infantil ABFW- item fonologia e cálculo de Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas (PCC) em três momentos distintos. A intervenção terapêutica foi baseada no Modelo de Ciclos Modificado e realizada Frenectomia. Resultados: No processo de intervenção foram realizadas 12 sessões de terapia fonoaudiológica enquanto a criança aguardava o procedimento cirúrgico, notando-se evolução limitada dos fonemas /r/ e /l/. Foi realizado procedimento cirúrgico de Frenectomia e 23 sessões de terapia fonoaudiológica com o objetivo de organizar o sistema fonológico. Após intervenção terapêutica e cirúrgica foi observado melhora no grau de inteligibilidade de fala que passou de Levemente Moderado para Leve e adequação de processos fonológicos não esperados para a idade. Conclusão: A terapia fonoaudiológica com o enfoque nos processos fonológicos foi importante para amenizar a gravidade da inteligibilidade de fala, porém se faz fundamental o procedimento cirúrgico, visando melhorar as distorções articulatórias justificadas pela forma alterada.

Introduction: Changing lingual frenulum becomes aggravating in children with Phonological Disorder. In view of the complexity of speech production, the speech-language intervention is necessary to ensure the balance between form and function. Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the therapeutic process of a male child at five years of age with Phonological Disorder and lingual frenulum alteration. Methods: The diagnosis of Phonological Disorder was performed at 5 years of age. The evaluation of the phonological aspect was performed through the application of the imitation tests and appointment of the Children's Language Test ABFW- phonology and calculation of Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC) in three different moments. The therapeutic intervention was based on the Modified Cycle Model and performed Frenectomy. Results: In the intervention process 12 speech therapy sessions were performed while the child waited for the surgical procedure, with a limited evolution of the / r / and / l / phonemes. A surgical procedure of Frenectomy and 23 speech therapy sessions were performed with the objective of organizing the phonological system. After therapeutic and surgical intervention, an improvement was observed in the degree of speech intelligibility that went from mild to moderate and adequacy of phonological processes not expected for the age. Conclusion: Speech therapy with a focus on phonological processes was important to improve speech intelligibility, but the surgical procedure is fundamental to improve articulatory distortions justified by the altered form.

Introducción: La alteración de frentes linguales se vuelve agravante en niños con trastorno fonológico. En vista de la complejidad de la producción de habla, es necesario garantizar que la intervención contemple el equilibrio entre forma y función. Objetivo: Describir el proceso terapéutico de un niño, sexo masculino, a los cinco años de edad, con trastorno fonológico y alteración de frente lingual. Métodos: El diagnóstico de trastorno fonológico fue realizado a los 5 años de edad. La evaluación del aspecto fonológico fue realizada por medio de la aplicación de las pruebas de imitación y nombramiento del Test de Lenguaje Infantil ABFW- elemento fonología y cálculo de Porcentaje de Consonantes Corretas (PCC) en tres momentos distintos. La intervención terapéutica fue basada en el Modelo de Ciclos Modificado y realizada Frenectomía. Resultados: Se realizaron 12 sesiones de terapia fonoaudiológica mientras el niño aguardaba el procedimiento quirúrgico, notándose una evolución limitada de los fonemas / r / y / l /. Se realizó Frenectomía y 23 sesiones de terapia fonoaudiológica con el objetivo de organizar el sistema fonológico. Después de intervención terapéutica y quirúrgica se observó mejoría en el grado de inteligibilidad de habla que pasó de Leoso Moderado a Ligera y adecuación de procesos fonológicos. Conclusión: La terapia de fala con el enfoque en los procesos fonológicos fue importante para amenizar la gravedad de la inteligibilidad de habla, pero se hace fundamental el procedimiento quirúrgico, buscando mejorar las distorsiones articulatorias justificadas por la forma alterada.

Hearing Disorders in Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Literature Review.

Introduction Several studies show correlations between congenital toxoplasmosis and hearing loss, with a broad diversity of levels of hearing loss and specifications of hearing disorders. Objective To describe the studies found in the literature regarding hearing disorders in congenital toxoplasmosis. Data Synthesis A literature review was conducted on the Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed and Scopus databases by combining the following keywords: congenital toxoplasmosis and hearing . Based on this search strategy, 152 papers were found, the majority published on the Scopus and PubMed databases from 1958 to 2015. After the application of the inclusion criteria, 8 articles published between 1980 and 2015 were included in the present study. Conclusion This review showed a moderate evidence of the association between hearing disorders and congenital toxoplasmosis, which is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss. However, there are gaps in the description of the specific characteristics of the type and level of hearing loss, or of other possible disorders involved in the auditory processing.

Effects of a Phonological Reading and Writing Remediation Program in Students with Dyslexia: Intervention for Specific Learning Disabilities.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a phonological remediation reading and writing program in individuals with dyslexia, through behavioral and objective evaluations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty children diagnosed with dyslexia, aged 8-14 years, were included in this study. Group I (GI) was composed of 10 children who took part in the program, and group II (GII) consisted of 10 subjects who did not take the remediation. The pre-testing evaluated phonological awareness, rapid naming, working memory, reading and writing of words and nonwords, thematic writing, and auditory evoked potential - P300. The type of stimulus used was the speech (20% of rare stimulus and 80% of frequent stimulus), intensity of 80 dBNa. The rare stimulus was the syllable /da/, and the frequent stimulus was the syllable /ba/. Next, the Phonological Reading and Writing Remediation Program was applied in 24 cumulative sessions, twice a week, each with a duration of 30 min. In the post-testing (at the end of the program), all the tests of the pre-testing were reapplied. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference (between pre- and post-testing) in phonological awareness, rapid naming, working memory, thematic writing, writing and reading words and nonwords, as well as in the latency of the P3 component of P300 in GI, while GII maintained the same difficulties. CONCLUSION: The phonological remediation program showed to be a therapeutic method of fast beneficial effects in written language of individuals with dyslexia. However, the wide age range and the size of the sample could be considered a limitation of this study - it interferes with the generalization of results.

Hearing Disorders in Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Literature Review

Abstract Introduction Several studies show correlations between congenital toxoplasmosis and hearing loss, with a broad diversity of levels of hearing loss and specifications of hearing disorders. Objective To describe the studies found in the literature regarding hearing disorders in congenital toxoplasmosis. Data Synthesis A literature review was conducted on the Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed and Scopus databases by combining the following keywords: congenital toxoplasmosis and hearing. Based on this search strategy, 152 papers were found, the majority published on the Scopus and PubMed databases from1958 to 2015. After theapplication of the inclusion criteria, 8 articles published between 1980 and 2015 were included in the present study. Conclusion This review showed a moderate evidence of the association between hearing disorders and congenital toxoplasmosis, which is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss. However, there are gaps in the description of the specific characteristics of the type and level of hearing loss, or of other possible disorders involved in the auditory processing.